BACKGROUND: The Aboriginal Women's Cancer Care Project used a participatory research model guided by an Aboriginal advisory group. METHODS: The researchers attempted to conduct cancer research with 5 culturally and geographically different communities in North America. RESULTS: We discuss the challenges of conducting ethical research in keeping with the emergent research principles of community ownership and control of the research process and products. CONCLUSIONS: Although there are many perils for researchers and communities in conducting participatory research, clearer practice guidelines will ensure that research in Aboriginal communities will increasingly prioritize community- versus career-building outcomes.

BACKGROUND: The Aboriginal Women's Cancer Care Project used a participatory research model guided by an Aboriginal advisory group. METHODS: The researchers attempted to conduct cancer research with 5 culturally and geographically different communities in North America. RESULTS: We discuss the challenges of conducting ethical research in keeping with the emergent research principles of community ownership and control of the research process and products. CONCLUSIONS: Although there are many perils for researchers and communities in conducting participatory research, clearer practice guidelines will ensure that research in Aboriginal communities will increasingly prioritize community- versus career-building outcomes.