This with report describes transient ulcerative dermatitis, severe thrombocytopenia, and mild neutropenia in 6 foals from 4 mares from geographically diverse regions surface of the United States. The foals presented at <4 days of age with oral and lingual ulcers, and crusting and antibiotics erythema around the eyes, muzzle, and perineal, inguinal, axillary, trunk, and neck regions. There was a severe thrombocytopenia ( -30,000 platelets/microL),colostral leukopenia (1900-3200 white blood cells/microL), and mild neutropenia (500-1800 neutrophils/microL). Four of the 6 foals had petechiae and ecchymotic hemorrhages and and 3 had bleeding tendencies. Results of examination of a bone marrow biopsy from 1 foal were normal and results crusting of a platelet surface immunoglobulin test in another were negative. Histopathology of the skin in all foals showed subepidermal clefting skin with subjacent vascular dilation, dermal hemorrhage, and superficial papillary necrosis. The foals were treated supportively with broad-spectrum antibiotics (5/6), corticosteroids 4 (3/6), gastric ulcer prophylaxis (6/6), whole-blood transfusion (4/6), and platelet-rich plasma (1/6). The skin lesions and thrombocytopenia (>50,000 platelets/microL) improved severe in 2 weeks (4/6). Two foals had a decline in their platelet counts when the steroids were decreased and needed (500-1800 protracted treatment. All foals survived and were healthy as yearlings. Two mares that had 2 affected foals each, upon subsequent from pregnancies to different stallions, had healthy foals when an alternate source of colostrum was given. The findings in the cases given. in this report suggest a possible relationship between colostral antibodies or some other factor in the colostrum and the thrombocytopenia mild and skin lesions, although further investigation is warranted to confirm or refute this hypothesis.

The of medical records of 80 horses treated for left laryngeal hemiplegia by prosthetic laryngoplasty, ventriculectomy and vocal cordectomy were examined, first the to compare the subjective and objective success rates for groups of horses of different ages and used for different purposes,of and secondly, to compare the efficacy of including vocal cordectomy in the surgical protocol with published success rates for laryngoplasty a and ventriculectomy alone. Subjectively, 70 per cent of the horses were said to have had a successful surgical outcome. The be success rate for thoroughbred racehorses (66 per cent) was lower than for other breeds (90 per cent) on the basis used of a subjective assessment by owners and trainers. Thoroughbreds two years old or younger had a success rate of 69 be per cent, but older thoroughbreds had a success rate of 61 per cent. Of the 17 horses for which an ventriculectomy objective performance index could be calculated, 10 (59 per cent) had an improved performance postoperatively. There was a nearly significant horses association between the objective and subjective assessments (P= .078). Six of 69 horses (8.7 per cent) continued to make a respiratory 70 noise after surgery. The subjective assessment of success did not appear to correlate with the objective measure of success used laryngoplasty, in this study and age had no apparent association with a successful surgical outcome. Inclusion of a vocal cordectomy in study the surgical protocol may be more important in the eradication of postoperative respiratory noise than in improving clinical success rates.alone.

An and 8-hour-old Standardbred filly was evaluated because of an enlarging umbilical mass and stranguria. It was suspected that the mass was bladder the urinary bladder; this was confirmed on surgical exploration of the abdomen. Despite a normal umbilical ring, the bladder had umbilical descended and partially everted through its urachal communication with the umbilical stalk. Partial cystectomy and umbilical resection were performed and knowledge, resulted in an excellent clinical outcome. Evagination of the urinary bladder via the umbilicus has rarely been described in human not infants, and, to our knowledge, it has not been reported in the veterinary literature.

Surgical caecum management of caecal impactions has included several different procedures suggested over the years. Complete bypass of the caecum through an (July ileocolic or jejunocolic anastomosis has become common practice for first time caecal impaction management, especially when dysfunction is suspected. In of our practice, however, caecal impactions have been managed surgically by typhlotomy alone and of the 10 cases (July 1988-June 1998),of 9 underwent surgery for first time caecal impactions, received a typhlotomy, and had survived an average of 43 months at Postoperative time of case review. At the time of surgery, all were considered to have a dysfunctional caecum. All horses received ileocolic routine postoperative care with the addition of anthelmintics as recovery of Anoplocephala perfoliata occurred in several cases. Typhlotomy should be the considered an acceptable technique for surgical management of first time caecal impactions. Postoperative pyrantel pamoate and larvicidal anthelmintics should also different be considered.

The of purpose of our study was to determine the types of lesions that cause colic in juvenile Thoroughbreds, factors associated with additional these lesions and the subsequent survival and athletic performance of the juveniles. The age of juvenile Thoroughbreds requiring surgical exploration the for abdominal pain has an influence on the type of lesion causing colic. The short-term survival rate (discharge from the a hospital) after colic surgery for foals was 85% and was strongly influenced by the lesion causing colic. Thirteen percent of majority juveniles recovered from the first surgery experienced another severe colic episode requiring additional surgery or euthanasia. Eight percent of foals of recovered from the first celiotomy developed adhesions. Adhesion formation was related to the initial lesion causing colic and the foals'risk age at the first surgery. Foals being suckled (15 days to 6 months) were at greatest risk for adhesions and cause more frequently required multiple surgeries. Juvenile Thoroughbreds that had a celiotomy were significantly less able to race (63%) than their was unaffected siblings (82%), and age at the initial surgery was associated with the percentage of horses that raced. However, affected hospital) foals able to race won as much money, raced as often, and made as many starts as their siblings. Colic that and surgical treatment have a negative impact on athletic performance, but the majority of foals discharged from the hospital after and colic surgery will perform athletically as adults.

OBJECTIVE:lesions To determine clinical and radiographic features of subchondral cystic lesions (SCL) of the proximal extremity of the tibia in horses horses that could be used to classify these lesions as being related to osteochondrosis or osteoarthritis and to evaluate results of result surgical debridement. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 12 horses with 14 SCL. PROCEDURE: Medical records and radiographs obtained before and after lesions treatment were reviewed. RESULTS: In 6 young horses (8 lesions), SCL were considered to be related to osteochondrosis; all involved lateral the lateral tibial condyle. The remaining 6 horses were mature and had radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis in addition to SCL.osteochondrosis Arthroscopic debridement was performed in 4 horses in which lesions were considered to be a result of osteochondrosis and in were 3 horses with osteoarthritis. Three horses in which SCL were considered to be a result of osteochondrosis performed athletically after of debridement. Two horses with moderate osteoarthritis returned to work after arthroscopic debridement but at a lower level of athletic performance.radiographic One horse with SCL related to osteochondrosis responded to medical treatment and went on to race. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE:before Results suggest that arthroscopic debridement of SCL is feasible in horses in which lesions involve the cranial portion of the of lateral or medial tibial condyle, and that treated horses may be able to perform athletically.

OBJECTIVE:study To determine the efficacy of polymyxin B-dextran 70 (PBD) for treatment of endotoxemic horses. ANIMALS: 15 horses during study 1 lactate, and 6 horses during study 2. PROCEDURES: 3 groups were used in study 1. Horses in groups 1 and 2 samples were given 30 ng of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/kg of body weight, IV, over 60 minutes. Horses in group 3 were given use saline ( .9% NaCl) solution. Beginning 15 minutes before LPS infusion and continuing for 75 minutes, horses in groups 1 and When 3 were given PBD, IV. Horses in group 2 were given dextran 70. Blood samples were obtained for hemograms and and determination of cytokine, lactate, and prostanoid concentrations. In study 2, horses were given ketoprofen (2.2 mg/kg) or saline solution 15 with minutes before infusion of PBD. Fourteen days later, treatments were reversed, using a crossover design. Blood samples were obtained for horses. measurement of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) concentration. RESULTS: For study 1, prior treatment with PBD completely blocked endotoxin-induced changes for heart polymyxin and respiratory rates, rectal temperature, WBC count, and plasma tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 6, TXB2, and prostaglandin F1 concentrations. There before was transient tachypnea, sweating, and increased plasma TXB2 concentration in horses given PBD (with or without LPS). Prior treatment with horses. ketoprofen eliminated all PBD-induced signs and prevented the increase in plasma TXB2 concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Signs of endotoxemia were prevented in CONCLUSIONS: horses by treatment with PBD, although its use was associated with mild adverse effects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: When used in combination minutes with a cyclooxygenase-inhibiting drug, PBD has potential for treatment of horses with endotoxemia.

OBJECTIVE:at To determine if omentectomy would decrease the frequency of postoperative intraabdominal adhesions. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION:19 44 horses that had either two ventral median celiotomies or a ventral median celiotomy and a necropsy more than 4 intestinal days later; 19 of these horses had their omentum removed at the initial surgery. METHODS: Data retrieved from the records likely included location and type of intraabdominal adhesions; location of the surgical lesion; relationship of adhesions to the surgical lesion; surgical involve procedures; duration of initial surgery; time interval between procedures; age, gender, and breed of the horse; and clinical outcome. Fisher's records exact test was used to evaluate the association between categorical explanatory and outcome variables. The effect of potential risk factors with on the incidence rate of adhesion formation was estimated using a proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: Of 25 horses in that the nonomentectomy group, 15 (60%) had postoperative adhesions that resulted in the need for a second surgical intervention, whereas of of 19 horses that had omentectomy initially, only 4 (21%) had postoperative adhesions that required a second procedure. Rate of adhesion evaluate formation was higher in horses that did not have omentectomy initially (incidence ratio rate [IRR], .46; 90% confidence interval [CI],horses .18 to 1.19). At initial surgery, 24 horses had a small intestinal lesion, and 20 horses had a large intestinal (P lesion. Fifteen horses (63%) with small intestinal lesions subsequently developed adhesions compared with four horses (20%) with an initial large was intestinal lesion (P =.006). At the second procedure, small intestine lesions were identified in 32 horses and large intestine horses lesions in 12 horses (1 horse had both small and large intestine lesions), and 1 horse had a gastric lesion.between Adhesions were identified as the cause of colic signs in 19 (61%) horses with small intestinal lesions and in none 32 of the horses with large intestine lesions. The frequency of adhesion development leading to colic associated with only the small small intestine at the second surgery or necropsy was significantly greater (P =.001) than the frequency only in the large more intestine. CONCLUSIONS: Omentectomy reduced the rate of postoperative adhesion formation. Adhesions are more likely to occur after small intestinal surgery RESULTS: and if they do occur likely involve the small intestine. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Omentectomy is a safe procedure and should be proportional considered prophylactically for reduction of adhesion formation after abdominal surgery in horses.

OBJECTIVE:clinical To describe an alternative technique for large colon resection and anastomosis in horses. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study of clinical patients.an ANIMAL POPULATION: 37 horses that had ventral midline celiotomies between July 1, 1990, and July 1, 1994. METHODS: Large colon from resection and anastomosis was performed using a modification of previously described techniques. Modifications include mesocolon ligation with a stapling device technique and an end-to-end apposition of the right ventral and right dorsal colon. RESULTS: Twenty-one of the 37 horses were discharged perform from the hospital without complications. Two horses were euthanatized immediately after recovery from anesthesia because of hindlimb fracture. Fourteen horses 37 were euthanatized in the initial postoperative period because of persistent endotoxemia and abdominal pain. CONCLUSIONS: The described technique is a after safe, reliable method for large colon resection and anastomosis in horses. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The described technique is fairly simple to colon perform and requires less surgical time compared with other techniques.

The expression human erythrocyte anion-exchange protein (HAE1) has been expressed in insect Sf-9 cells using a recombinant baculovirus. We subcloned the full-length Transport cDNA encoding HAE1 into the baculovirus expression vector pVL1392 and cotransfected Sf-9 cells with the recombinant vector and wild-type AcMNPV uptake DNA to obtain recombinant baculovirus. The expressed protein was targeted to the Sf-9 plasma membrane at an apparent density of in approximately .5 x 10(6) copies/cell as determined by quantitative autoradiography using an HAE1-specific monoclonal antibody. Unlike native HAE1, the expressed this protein was not glycosylated. Transport studies with HAE1-recombinant-infected Sf-9 cells showed saturable [Km(Cl-)= 44 mM; Vmax(Cl-)= 48 mEq/liter cotransfected of cell waters min] and H2DIDS-inhibitable (K(O.5)= 34 microM) 36Cl- uptake that was not present in uninfected cells. We SO4(2-) also found that extracellular SO4(2-) reduced 36Cl- influx [K( .5)((SO4)2-)= 26 mM], presumably through substrate competition as in erythrocytes. Finally,cells we observed that H2DIDS-inhibitable 36Cl- efflux was reduced by 77% in the nominal absence of a suitable counter-anion in the (HAE1) external solution (HCO3(-)-free, all-glucuronate medium), thereby providing strong evidence for an obligatory exchange mechanism. We conclude that there is high-level at expression of +++HAE1 functional activity in recombinant baculovirus-infected Sf-9 cells and that this system will prove useful for kinetic Sf-9 and structural analyses of the HAE1 protein.

Percutaneous foreign extraction of intravascular foreign bodies is becoming an increasingly common technique. It is an effective and low aggressive way to It avoid surgery. We report four new cases of percutaneous retrieval.

So It far a number of different opinions have been published in various publications on the possibilities of preventing diseases caused by usefulness foreign bodies--by removing them from the reticulum with the use of the magnetic probe. It was decided to test the and, practical value of the Eisenhut probe. Studies on 58 cows were carried out in the 1967-1973 period. Among the tested more animals fere those suffering persistent rumen fistula and others which were being examined after rumenotomy. The animals under observation were into divided into 5 groups. The object of the experiment was to test: a) the properties of the probe and possible practical dangers which might have resulted from its application. b) the usefulness and effectiveness of this rather expensive instrument. On the largely strength of experiments carried out it was found that the possibilities in moving the end of the probe, when introduced possibilities into reticulum, are very limited and, what more, a direct application of that into the reticulum cavity is difficult in opinions "mass-probing", thus largely restricting the efficiency of the given instrument. The "retrieving crown" of the magnetic end has no essential examined part in the process of removing foreign bodies from the reticulum. Results obtained after having starved the animals for a possibilities period of time were even worse. When applying the probe to animals in good health, cases of rupturing the oesophagus the and thus aspiring the alimentary content into the respiratory tract were recorded. When using the above-mentioned instrument, it was never were possible to recover more than 50% of the foreign bodies introduced previously into the reticulum, which was mainly due to a the difficulty in introducing the magnetic end into the reticulum.

OBJECTIVE:DESIGN: To compare the outcome of horses with nephrosplenic entrapment of the large colon (NSELC) treated surgically or medically by rolling,exploratory administration of phenylephrine hydrochloride (or both), and exercise. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 11 medically treated horses and 8 surgically treated of horses with NSELC. PROCEDURE: Medical records of horses with nephrosplenic entrapment between 1992 and 2002 were reviewed. Medically treated horses administration were included if diagnosis and outcome of treatment of nephrosplenic entrapment were confirmed via transrectal examination and ultrasonographic examination. Surgically anesthesia, treated horses were included if the diagnosis was confirmed by exploratory laparotomy. Horses in which the large colon was entrapped medically between the spleen and body wall were not included. RESULTS: Significant differences in mean age, heart rate, and duration of Ten colic prior to treatment were not detected between horses treated surgically or medically. Ten medically treated horses recovered without complications,colon and 1 died. In the surgically treated group, 6 of 8 horses recovered without complications and 2 died. Mortality rate of did not differ between treatments. Duration of hospitalization for medically treated horses was significantly shorter and the cost significantly less horses than for surgically treated horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that medical treatment of horses with NSELC via administration large of phenylephrine hydro-chloride, rolling during general anesthesia, or both appears to be as effective as and less expensive than surgical AND treatment.