Institut für Bakteriologie, Mykologie und Hygiene, Veterinärmedizinische Universität, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
Two airborne bacterial isolates, NS/2 and NS/50(T), were examined in order to determine their taxonomic position. Their almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequences shared 95.9 % similarity. Sequence comparisons demonstrated that their next relatives are species of the genus Hymenobacter (93.6-95.7 % similarity) and the strains 'Taxeobacter chitinovorans' Txc1(T),'Taxeobacter gelupurpurascens' Txg1(T) and 'Taxeobacter ocellatus' Myx 2105(T)(90.5-96.4 %). Phylogenetic calculations indicated that these five strains together with the three recognized Hymenobacter species form a separate line of descent within the family 'Flexibacteraceae'. Isolates NS/2 and NS/50(T), as well as 'Taxeobacter chitinovorans' Txc1(T),'Taxeobacter gelupurpurascens' Txg1(T) and 'Taxeobacter ocellatus' Myx 2105(T), possessed the characteristics of the genus Hymenobacter, the quinone system menaquinone MK-7 and a polyamine pattern with the major polyamine being sym-homospermidine. Each of the five strains had complex, unique polar lipid profiles, with phosphatidylethanolamine and several unknown aminophospho-, amino-, phospho-, glyco- and polar lipids of which several compounds were also found in established Hymenobacter species. All the strains studied possessed fatty acids characteristic of Hymenobacter species, including major acids iso-C(15 : ), anteiso-C(15 : ), C(16 : 1)omega5c, summed feature 3 (C(16 : 1)omega7c/iso-C(15 : ) 2-OH) and summed feature 4 (iso-C(17 : 1) I/anteiso-C(17 : 1) B). The five strains could be distinguished from each other and from the three established species of the genus Hymenobacter based on relatively low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities (<97 %), unique polar lipids and differing fatty acid profiles and physiological characteristics. In conclusion, the description of four novel species of the genus Hymenobacter appears to be justified, for which the names Hymenobacter norwichensis sp. nov.(type strain NS/50(T)=LMG 21876(T)=DSM 15439(T)), Hymenobacter chitinivorans sp. nov.(type strain Txc1(T)=LMG 21951(T)=DSM 11115(T)), Hymenobacter gelipurpurascens sp. nov.(type strain Txg1(T)=LMG 21873(T)=DSM 11116(T)) and Hymenobacter ocellatus sp. nov.(type strain Myx 2105(T)=Txo1(T)=LMG 21873(T)=DSM 11117(T)) are proposed. For strain NS/2, a description only is provided without proposal of a name because its status as a novel species was not demonstrated unambiguously.
Other papers by authors:
Hans-Jürgen Busse,
Ewald B M Denner,
Sandra Buczolits,
Mirja Salkinoja-Salonen,
Antonio Bennasar,
Peter Kämpfer
Institut für Bakteriologie, Mykologie und Hygiene, Veterinärmedizinische Universität, A-1210 Vienna, Austria. hans-juergen.busse@vu-wien.ac.at
Seven psychrotolerant, Gram-negative bacterial strains, five dust- and airborne isolates (MA101b(T), MA306a, MA405/90, MA-olki(T) and NW12(T)) and two from the Antarctic (Ant 20 and M3C203B-B), were subjected to a polyphasic characterization to determine their taxonomic position. High 16S rDNA sequences similarities (99.3-100. %) demonstrated that they were closely related to each other. Phylogenetic evaluation of their 16S rDNA sequences revealed that they are members of the genus Sphingomonas sensu stricto, encompassing a separate branch within this genus. They shared 94.4-96.6 % 16S rDNA sequence similarity with species of this genus. All Sphingomonas-specific signature nucleotides were also detected. The presence of the major ubiquinone Q-10, sym-homospermidine as the predominant polyamine, Sphingomonadaceae-specific sphingoglycolipid in the polar lipid patterns and a fatty acid profile containing C(14 : ) 2-OH and lacking 3-OH fatty acids were in agreement with identification of these strains as members of the genus Sphingomonas sensu stricto. Results from DNA-DNA hybridizations and comparison of protein patterns indicated that the seven strains are members of three distinct species. One species is represented by strains MA101b(T), MA306a and MA405/90, the second by strains NW12(T), Ant 20 and M3C203B-B and the third by one strain, MA-olki(T). Their distinction at the species level was also supported by results of biochemical characterization and partly supported by riboprints and genomic fingerprints. On the basis of these results, three novel species of the genus Sphingomonas are proposed: Sphingomonas aurantiaca sp. nov., consisting of strains MA101b(T)(=DSM 14748(T)=LMG 21377(T)), MA306a and MA405/90 (=DSM 14749=LMG 21378), Sphingomonas faeni sp. nov. MA-olki(T)(=DSM 14747(T)=LMG 21379(T)) and Sphingomonas aerolata sp. nov., represented by strains NW12(T)(=DSM 14746(T)=LMG 21376(T)), Ant 20 (=ICMP 13599) and M3C203B-B (=SMCC M3C203B-B).
Sandra Buczolits,
Ewald B M Denner,
Dietmar Vybiral,
Monika Wieser,
Peter Kämpfer,
Hans-Jürgen Busse
Institut für Bakteriologie, Mykologie und Hygiene, Veterinärmedizinische Universität, Wien, Austria.
Three aerobic, gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, red-pigmented, airborne bacteria (I/26-Cor1T, I/32A-Cor1 and I/74-Cor2) collected in the Museo Correr (Venice, Italy) were investigated to determine their taxonomic status by analysing their biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic features and the G+C content of genomic DNA and by comparing their genomic fingerprints. Additionally, the almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain I/26-Cor1T was analysed. The three strains were nearly identical in their morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties. The strains contained a menaquinone system with the predominant menaquinone MK-7 and a fatty acid profile with C15: anteiso, C15: iso and C16:1 predominant. Phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified lipids were detected in the polar lipid profiles. The polyamine pattern consisted of sym-homospermidine as the major compound. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was found as the characteristic cell-wall diamino acid. The DNA base composition of the three strains ranged from 60 to 63 mol% G+C. Phylogenetically, strain I/26-Cor1T was most closely related to Hymenobacter actinosclerus (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Physiological and genomic characteristics indicated that the two strains I/26-Cor1T and I/32A-Cor1 are representatives of the same species. The phylogenetic distance to any validly described taxon as indicated by 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities demonstrates that I/26-Cor1T and I/32A-Cor1 represent a novel species, for which the name Hymenobacter aerophilus sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain I/26-Cor1T (= DSM 13606T = LMG 19657T). I/32A-Cor1 (= DSM 13607 = LMG 19658) is another strain of the species Hymenobacter aerophilus. Since the taxonomic status of strain I/74-Cor2 within the genus Hymenobacter was not determined unambiguously, it is designated Hymenobacter sp. I/74-Cor2 (= DSM 13611 = LMG 19659).
Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
A Gram-positive, non-endospore-forming bacterium (GW41-1564(T)) was isolated from soil. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GW41-1564(T) is a member of the genus Streptomyces, exhibiting highest similarities with Streptomyces hainanensis YIM 47672(T)(97.8 %) and Streptomyces cacaoi subsp. cacaoi NBRC 12748(T)(97.5 %). Strain GW41-1564(T) could be distinguished from any other Streptomyces species with validly published names by sequence similarity values less than 97.5 %. Strain GW41-1564(T) exhibited an unusual quinone system, with the predominant compounds MK-10(H(4)) and MK-10(H(6)) and smaller amounts of MK-9(H(4)) and MK-9(H(6)). The type strain of the most closely related species, S. hainanensis YIM 47672(T), also contained an unusual quinone system composed of MK-9(H(6)) and MK-9(H(8)) in addition to MK-9(H(4)) and MK-10(H( )), whereas the type strain of the second most closely related species, S. cacaoi NBRC 12748(T), contained a quinone system, composed of MK-9(H(6)) and MK-9(H(8)), typical of Streptomyces. The polar lipid profile of GW41-1564(T) consisted of the predominant compound diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol and minor to trace amounts of two phosphatidylinositol mannosides and several unknown lipids, and the major fatty acids were iso-C(16 : ,) anteiso-C(17 : 1)omega9c and anteiso-C(17 : ). The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed further phenotypic differentiation of strain GW41-1564(T) from the related species S. hainanensis. Strain GW41-1564(T) clearly merits species status, and we propose the name Streptomyces specialis sp. nov., with the type strain GW41-1564(T)(=DSM 41924(T)=CCM 7499(T)).
Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
A Gram-positive, non-spore-forming bacterium (strain GW4-1778(T)) was isolated from soil of the Italian island of Stromboli. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies showed that strain GW4-1778(T) is a member of the genus Nocardia, most closely related to Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis (GenBank accession no. DQ659914; 98.6 %), Nocardia nova (Z36930; 98.6 %), Nocardia niigatensis (AB092563; 98.4 %), Nocardia jiangxiensis (AY639902; 98. %), Nocardia uniformis (Z46752; 98. %) and Nocardia miyunensis (AY639901; 97.8 %). Strain GW4-1778(T) could be distinguished from any other established Nocardia species by sequence similarity values of less than 97.5 %. Strain GW4-1778(T) exhibited a quinone system with the predominant compound MK-8 (H(4), omega-cycl)(99.5 %) and traces of MK-8 (H(4)), characteristic for the genus Nocardia. The polar lipid profile of strain GW4-1778(T) consisted of the predominant compound diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, two phosphatidylinositol mannosides, a unknown polar lipid and trace amounts of two unknown lipids and the major fatty acids were C(15 : ), C(16 : ), C(17 : 1)omega8c and 10-methyl C(17 : ). The results of DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain GW4-1778(T) from related species with 16S rRNA gene similarities of >97.5 %. Therefore, strain GW4-1778(T) merits species status, for which the name Nocardia acidivorans sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain GW4-1778(T)(=CCUG 53410(T)=CIP 109315(T)=DSM 45049(T)).
Ewald B M Denner,
Marko Kolari,
Douwe Hoornstra,
Irina Tsitko,
Peter Kämpfer,
Hans-Jürgen Busse,
Mirja Salkinoja-Salonen
Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Universität Wien, A-1030 Wien, Austria.
Six red-pigmented strains of the Alphaproteobacteria with optimal growth between 45 and 54 degrees C were previously isolated from coloured biofilms in two fine-paper machines and one pulp dryer. The strains were found to be resistant to 15 p.p.m. 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, a common industrial biocide. 16S RNA gene sequence similarity of the isolates was 99.7-100 %. Ribotyping using the restriction enzymes PvuII and EcoRI showed that four of the isolates (C-lvk-R2A-1, C-lvk-R2A-2(T), C-R2A-52d and C-R2A-5d) belong to a single species. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that, together with Rhodobacter blasticus ATCC 33485(T), the isolates form a deep line of descent (94.7-94.9 % sequence similarity) within the family Rhodobacteraceae loosely affiliated with the Rhodobacter/Paracoccus clade. The isolates were strictly aerobic and oxidase-positive (catalase was weakly positive) and utilized a wide range of substrates including pentoses, hexoses, oligosaccharides and sugar alcohols. The predominant constituents in their cellular fatty acid profiles were C(19 : ) cyclo omega8c (39-44 %), C(18 : )(21-24 %) and C(16 : )(21-23 %). Fatty acids present in smaller amounts included C(18 : 1)omega7c, C(10 : ) 3-OH, C(18 : 1)omega7c 11-methyl, C(20 : 2)omega6,9c and C(17 : ) cyclo, amongst others. Polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and an unidentified aminolipid, but not phosphatidylethanolamine. Carotenoid pigments were synthesized but bacteriochlorophyll a was not. The polyamine patterns consisted of the major compounds putrescine, spermidine and sym-homospermidine. The major respiratory lipoquinone was ubiquinone Q-10. The DNA G+C content was 69.4-70.2 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, the biofilm isolates were classified in a new genus, Rubellimicrobium gen. nov.; four of the isolates are assigned to the type species, Rubellimicrobium thermophilum gen. nov., sp. nov. Strain C-lvk-R2A-2(T) (=CCUG 51817(T)=DSM 16684(T)=HAMBI 2421(T)) is the type strain of Rubellimicrobium thermophilum.
Arantxa Peña,
Maria Valens,
Fernando Santos,
Sandra Buczolits,
Josefa Antón,
Peter Kämpfer,
Hans-Jürgen Busse,
Rudolf Amann,
Ramon Rosselló-Mora
Salinibacter ruber is the first extremely halophilic member of the Bacteria domain of proven environmental relevance in hypersaline brines at or approaching NaCl saturation, that has been brought to pure culture. A collection of 17 strains isolated from five different geographical locations (Mallorca, Alicante, Ebro Delta, Canary Islands, and Peruvian Andes) were studied following the currently accepted taxonomic approach. Additionally, random amplification of genomic DNA led to the phenetic analysis of the intraspecific diversity. Altogether the taxonomic study indicated that S. ruber remained highly homogeneous beyond any geographical barrier. However, genomic fingerprints indicated that populations from different isolation sites could still be discriminated.
Arantxa Peña,
Maria Valens,
Fernando Santos,
Sandra Buczolits,
Josefa Antón,
Peter Kämpfer,
Hans-Jürgen Busse,
Rudolf Amann,
Ramon Rosselló-Mora
División de Microbiología, Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Apto. 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain.
Salinibacter ruber is the first extremely halophilic member of the Bacteria domain of proven environmental relevance in hypersaline brines at or approaching NaCl saturation, that has been brought to pure culture. A collection of 17 strains isolated from five different geographical locations (Mallorca, Alicante, Ebro Delta, Canary Islands, and Peruvian Andes) were studied following the currently accepted taxonomic approach. Additionally, random amplification of genomic DNA led to the phenetic analysis of the intraspecific diversity. Altogether the taxonomic study indicated that S. ruber remained highly homogeneous beyond any geographical barrier. However, genomic fingerprints indicated that populations from different isolation sites could still be discriminated.
Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
A Gram-positive, non-spore-forming bacterium (GW39-1573(T)) was isolated from soil of the Spanish island of Tenerife. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies showed that strain GW39-1573(T) belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to Nocardia brasiliensis (98. %), Nocardia beijingensis (97.3 %), Nocardia transvalensis (97.5 %), Nocardia asteroides (97.2 %) and Nocardia farcinica (97. %). Strain GW39-1573(T) could be distinguished from all other validly described Nocardia species by sequence similarity values of less than 97 %. Chemotaxonomic data [major menaquinone: MK-8(H(4, omega-cycl)); major polar lipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and an unknown glycolipid and an unknown phospholipid; major fatty acids: C(16 : ), C(18 : 1)omega9c and 10 methyl C(16 : )] and the presence of mycolic acids supported the affiliation of strain GW39-1573(T) to the genus NOCARDIA: The results of DNA-DNA hybridizations and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain GW39-1573(T) from those related species that showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of greater than 97 %. Strain GW39-1573(T) merits species status, and the name Nocardia tenerifensis is proposed with the type strain GW39-1573(T)(=DSM 44704(T)=CIP 107929(T)).
Hans-Jürgen Busse,
Christian Zlamala,
Sandra Buczolits,
Werner Lubitz,
Peter Kämpfer,
Mariko Takeuchi
Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Universität Wien, A-1030 Wien, Austria. hans-juergen.busse@vu-wien.ac.at
Two airborne bacterial isolates designated V45(T) and V54A(T) were characterized in order to determine their taxonomic position. 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that the two isolates shared 98.1 % sequence similarity. Highest sequence similarities (98. -98.5 %) were found to Promicromonospora citrea DSM 43110(T) and Promicromonospora sukumoe IFO 14650(T). Detection of a quinone system with the predominant compound MK-9(H(4)), a polar lipid pattern containing phosphatidylglycerol, a fatty acid profile with the predominant acids C(15 : ) iso and C(15 : ) anteiso and the diagnostic cell-wall diamino acid L-lysine supported the assignment of the novel isolates to the genus PROMICROMONOSPORA: The two isolates could be distinguished from P. sukumoe by the presence of glycine in the peptidoglycan, and the detection of the cell-wall sugar galactose differentiates them from the two established species of the genus PROMICROMONOSPORA: Each of the two isolates displayed a unique biochemical profile. Results from DNA-DNA hybridizations clearly demonstrated that V45(T) and V54A(T) represent separate species. Based on these data, it is proposed that V45(T)(=IFO 16525(T)=CCM 7044(T)) and V54A(T)(=IFO 16526(T)=CCM 7043(T)) be classified as the type strains of two novel Promicromonospora species, for which the names Promicromonospora vindobonensis sp. nov. and Promicromonospora aerolata sp. nov. are proposed.
Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. peter.kaempfer@agrar.uni-giessen.de
A format for the description of single novel species is proposed, which should facilitate the reviewing process by assisting the provision of data in a standardized form. The abstract must be short and concise, highlighting phylogenetic position, morphology and chemotaxonomy for genus affiliation, the genotypic and phenotypic basis for species differentiation, and the name and deposition numbers from two public culture collections in different countries for the type strain: A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium (Iso 196(T)) was isolated from chicken faeces. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain Iso 196(T) was shown to belong to the alpha-2 subclass of the Proteobacteria related to Ochrobactrum tritici (95.6%), Ochrobactrum grignonense (95. %) and Ochrobactrum anthropi (94.6%), and the phylogenetic distance from any validly described species within the genus Brucella was less than 95%. Chemotaxonomic data (major ubiquinone - Q-10; major polyamines - spermidine and putrescine; major polar lipids - phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine; major fatty acids - C(18 : 1)omega7c and C(19 : ) cyclo omega8c) supported the affiliation of strain Iso 196(T) to the genus Ochrobactrum. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain Iso 196(T) from the four validly published Ochrobactrum species. Iso 196(T) therefore represents a new species, for which the name Ochrobactrum gallinifaecis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain Iso 196(T)(= DSM 15295(T)= CIP 107753(T)).
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Alexandre Leclercq,
Dominique Clermont,
Chantal Bizet,
Patrick A D Grimont,
Anne Le Flèche-Matéos,
Sylvie M Roche,
Carmen Buchrieser,
Véronique Cadet-Daniel,
Alban Le Monnier,
Marc Lecuit,
Franz Allerberger
Institut Pasteur;
A Listeria-like strain isolated in Austria from pre-cut lettuce fitted with the description of the genus Listeria although it could not be assigned to any of the known species. Comparison of the rrs gene (coding 16S rRNA) sequence and gene content by DNA-array indicates affiliation to the genus Listeria. Phylogenetic distance with known Listeria species indicates it represents a new species. Since it can be differentiated from all other known species of Listeria by using phenotypic tests, the name Listeria rocourtiae is proposed for the new species. The type strain is CIP 109804(T)(= DSM 22097(T), Allerberger 700284/02(T)). The type strain is avirulent as assessed by cell culture assays and inoculation of mice.
BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection;
Three housekeeping genes (dnaK, groEL, and rpoB) of strains belonging to the genus Gluconacetobacter (37 strains) or related taxa (38 strains) were sequenced. Reference strains of the fifteen species of the genus Gluconacetobacter were included. Phylogenetic trees generated using these gene sequences confirmed the existence of two phylogenetic groups within the genus Gluconacetobacter. These groups clustered separately in trees constructed using concatenated sequences of the three genes, indicating that the genus Gluconacetobacter should not remain a single genus, and be split up as previously suggested. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of the three housekeeping genes further showed useful for species differentiation in the family Acetobacteraceae. Also, it suggested that Gluconacetobacter xylinus LMG 18788, better known as the type strain and only strain of Acetobacter xylinus subspecies sucrofermentans, is a distinct species in the genus Gluconacetobacter, and not a true G. xylinus strain. This strain showed in previous studies less than 70 % DNA relatedness with the type strains of Gluconacetobacter xylinus and Gluconacetobacter nataicola, the phylogenetically nearest relatives, and could phenotypically be distinguished from them. Additionally, AFLP and (GTG)5-PCR DNA fingerprinting data supported its reclassification as a distinct species. The name Gluconacetobacter sucrofermentans (Toyosaki et al. 1996) comb. nov. is proposed.
National Collection of Agricultural and Industrial Microorganisms, Corvinus University of Budapest.
Six ascosporulating Candida pignaliae strains were isolated from epigeal plant parts in Hungary. They share identical D1/D2 LSU rRNA gene sequences with the type strain of C. pignaliae, and the physiological characteristics investigated are also very similar to that of the type strain. The only substantial difference compared to the type strain of C. pignaliae is their ability to assimilate beta-glucosides (cellobiose, salicin and arbutin). The majority of the isolation sources of the strains reported in this study have the common feature of containing tannic acid, while the type strain of C. pignaliae was recovered from tanning fluid. We were able to induce ascosporulation also in the type strain of C. pignaliae. Therefore, Ogataea pignaliae Péter, Tornai-Lehoczki,& Dlauchy sp. nov. is proposed as the teleomorph of C. pignaliae (F.H. Jacob) S.A. Meyer & Yarrow. The type strain is CBS 6071T.
VKM;
Three novel species are described as Rhodotorula rosulata (type strain VKM Y-2962), Rh. silvestris (type strain VKM Y-2971) and Rh. straminea (type strain VKM Y-2964) based on the study of eight isolates from needle litter. The new species, phylogenetically located within the Microbotryomyces, are related to glucuronate-assimilating species of the genus Rhodotorula. Sequencing of the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rDNA and the ITS regions, as well as physiological characterization, revealed their distinct taxonomic positions.
Centers for Disease Control.
The omission of the name 'Mycobacterium paraffinicum' from the 1980 Approved List of Bacterial Names was due to phenotypic confusion surrounding a close relationship with Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. Correspondingly 'M. paraffinicum' strains grew slowly in >7 days, stained acid-alcohol fast, produced yellow-pigmented smooth waxy colonies in the dark at an optimal temperature of 35 degrees C. However 'M. paraffinicum' strains demonstrated no activity for urease, nicotinamidase or pyrazinamidase, and lacked growth at 42 degrees C as compared to M. scrofulaceum. The mycolic acid pattern as determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) clustered 'M. paraffinicum' with M. scrofulaceum, Mycobacterium avium, and Mycobacterium parascrofulaceum. Strains were fully susceptible to linezolid, rifabutin, clarithromycin and amikacin. Examination of the historical reference strain of 'M. paraffinicum' ATCC 12670 and five additional isolates using comparative gene studies with 16S rRNA, hsp65, rpoB and concatenated sequences demonstrated separate, monophyletic tree branching that was distinct from similar nontuberculous mycobacteria and formed a tight taxonomical group with the classical reference strain of 'M. paraffinicum'. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE) analysis confirmed a close association of the five additional isolates with the reference strain of 'M. paraffinicum' with a genetic distance of .12 and was distinct from other closely related species. These genetic results provided unambiguous evidence of the uniqueness of the slow-growing, scotochromogenic species and supported the revival of the name as Mycobacterium paraffinicum (ex Davis, Chase and Raymond 1956) sp. nov., nom. rev. We propose the previously deposited reference strain located in the worldwide collections as the type strain ATCC 12670T =DSM 44181T =NCIMB10420T.
Agnieszka Ludwiczuk,
Ismiarni Komala,
André Pham,
Jean-Pierre Bianchini,
Phila Raharivelomanana,
Yoshinori Asakawa
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamaschiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
Six Tahitian liverworts, Trichocolea pluma, Chandonanthus hirtellus, Mastigophora diclados, Jungermannia sp., Plagiochila sp. and Cyathodium foetidissimum were chemically investigated. All of these liverworts produce their own characteristic compounds. Vanillic acid methyl ester was isolated for the first time from T. pluma. Skatol is responsible for the very intense unpleasant odor of C. foetidissimum. Herbertane-type sesquiterpenoids are peculiar components of M. diclados, and fusicoccane-type diterpenoids were identified in Pagiochila sp. Cembranes and ent-verticillanes were isolated from C. hirtellus and also detected in Jungermannia species. C. hirtellus also biosynthesizes algal components and such results may suggest that some liverworts originate from algae.
Skye Thomas-Hall,
Benedetta Turchetti,
Pietro Buzzini,
Eva Branda,
Teun Boekhout,
Bart Theelen,
Kenneth Watson
School of Biological Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia, skyethomashall@gmail.com.
Worldwide glaciers are annually retreating due to global overheating and this phenomenon determines the potential lost of microbial diversity represented by psychrophilic microbial population sharing these peculiar habitats. In this context, yeast strains, all unable to grow above 20 degrees C, consisting of 42 strains from Antarctic soil and 14 strains isolated from Alpine Glacier, were isolated and grouped together based on similar morphological and physiological characteristics. Sequences of the D1/D2 and ITS regions of the ribosomal DNA confirmed the previous analyses and demonstrated that the strains belong to unknown species. Three new species are proposed: Mrakia robertii sp. nov.(type strain CBS 8912), Mrakia blollopis sp. nov.(type strain CBS 8921) and a related anamorphic species Mrakiella niccombsii sp. nov. (type strain CBS 8917). Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region revealed that the new proposed species were closely related to each other within the Mrakia clade in the order Cystofilobasidiales, class Tremellomycetes. The Mrakia clade now contains 8 sub-clades. Teliospores were observed in all strains except CBS 8918 and for the Mrakiella niccombsii strains.
UMR INRA 1014 SECALIM ENITIAA, Rue de la Géraudiègre, BP 82225, 44322 Nantes, France;
A polyphasic taxonomic study, using phenotypic and phylogenetic characterization as well as genotypic methods, was performed on five unknown Gram-positive, catalase-negative, coccus-shaped Vagococcus-like bacteria isolated from the spoilage microbiota of cooked shrimp. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that these strains belonged to the genus Vagococcus and that it formed a new branch distinct from the six species already recognized (V. fluvialis, V. salmoninarum, V. lutrae, V. fessus, V. carniphilus and V. elongatus). The polyphasic approach on the representative strain CD276T, including DNA-DNA hybridizations, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of whole-genome DNA profiles, G+C content determination, cell-wall peptidoglycan typing, fatty acid analysis and extensive biochemical characterization, was used to clarify the taxonomic position of this strain. These data confirmed that CD276T (LMG 24833T = CIP 109914T) represents the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Vagococcus penaei sp. nov. is proposed.
Program in Integrated Microbial Biodiversity, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Departments of Zoology and Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4.
Clautriavia is a genus of uncertain taxonomic affinity that was initially described as gliding cells with one prominent trailing flagellum and a mid-ventral groove. The genus has been classified either with euglenids on the basis of similar paramylon-like granules or with cercozoans, specifically Protaspis spp., on the basis of general similarities in cell morphology and behavior. We isolated and cultivated a novel species of Clautriavia, namely C. biflagellata n. sp., from marine sand samples collected from the west coast of Vancouver Island, Canada and characterized this isolate with high resolution microscopy (LM, SEM, and TEM) and small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequence. The gliding cells of C. biflagellata n. sp. were round to oval in outline (12-20mum wide and 15-20mum long), dorsoventrally flattened, and capable of engulfing other eukaryotic cells (e.g., diatoms). The cells possessed two recurrent flagella of unequal length that emerged from a subapical pit within a ventral depression: the longer prominent flagellum was about 2X the cell length; the shorter flagellum was inconspicuous and was confined to the ventral depression. Molecular phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that C. biflagellata n. sp. branched strongly within the Cercozoa, but was only distantly related to Protaspis spp. Instead, C. biflagellata n. sp. branched closely with the recently established Auranticordida clade, consisting of Auranticordis quadriverberis and Pseudopirsonia mucosa. This position was concordant with our ultrastructural data, which demonstrated several features shared by A. quadriverberis and C. biflagellata n. sp. that are not present in Protaspis spp.:(1) a dense distribution of pores on the cell surface;(2) a distinct layer of muciferous bodies immediately beneath the cell surface;(3) a robust microtubular root attached to the anterior end of the nucleus;(4) the absence of a thick cell covering; and (5) the absence of conspicuously condensed chromosomes.
Division of Fish Diseases, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, ul. Kazimierza Królewicza 4, 71-550 Szczecin, Poland.
The presently reported study provides a detailed morphological description of the female and the male of a new species of the genus Parabrachiella-Parabrachiella jarai sp. nov. The parasites were sampled from marine fishe, silver sillago, Sillago sihama (Perciformes: Sillaginidae), captured in Malaysia in 1994 and Hong Kong in 1995. The new species bears some resemblance to P. lata (Song et Chen, 1976) but differs from it in details of second antenna, mandible, and maxilliped. The genus Parabrachiella currently includes 67 species including those recently transferred from Neobrachiella Kabata, 1979. An amended generic diagnosis is proposed for Parabrachiella and Thysanote. Some members of Parabrachiella are herewith transferred to Thysanote and some Thysanote are now placed in Parabrachiella.