Dietary Cox intake of marine n-3 PUFA has been negatively associated with the risk of CHD among subjects with known CHD, whereas the an effect in healthy subjects is less documented. We assessed the hypothesis that dietary intake of marine n-3 PUFA is we negatively associated with the risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in healthy subjects. In the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health acid cohort study, 57 053 participants were enrolled. Dietary intake of total n-3 PUFA, including EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and DHA,marine was assessed. During a mean follow-up period of 7.6 years, we identified all cases (n 1150) from this cohort with proportional an incident ACS diagnosis in the Danish National Patient Registry or the Cause of Death Registry. Diagnoses were verified through adjusted medical record review. In Cox proportional hazard models, we adjusted for established risk factors for CHD. Men in the four the highest quintiles of n-3 PUFA intake (> .39 g n-3 PUFA per d) had a lower incidence of ACS compared with We men in the lowest quintile. The hazard ratio was .83 (95 % CI .67, 1.03) when we compared men in conclusion, the second lowest and lowest quintile of n-3 PUFA intake. Higher intake of n-3 PUFA did not strengthen this association.EPA, Associations for EPA, DPA and DHA were all negative, but less consistent. No convincing associations were found among women. In and conclusion, we found borderline significant negative associations between the intake of marine n-3 PUFA and ACS among healthy men.

Aims quintile To study the effect of fish consumption on the risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in healthy subjects. Methods and per results This Danish follow-up study included 57 053 men and women between 50 and 64 years. Intake of lean and lower fatty fish was estimated from a detailed and validated food frequency questionnaire. Potential cases of ACS were identified through nationwide medical medical databases. A total of 1122 cases of ACS were verified during a mean follow-up period of 7.6 years. Among men men, intake of fatty fish was associated with a lower risk of ACS. For men in the highest quintile of of fish intake compared with the lowest quintile, the hazard ratio was .67 (95% confidence interval: .53- .85). The inverse association was compared observed for intakes >6 g of fatty fish per day with no obvious additional benefit observed for higher intakes. Intake study of lean fish was not associated with ACS. There were few cases of ACS and results were not consistent in Danish women. Conclusion In conclusion, a modest intake of fatty fish was associated with a lower risk of ACS in middle-aged lower men, whereas no consistent associations were observed among women.

BACKGROUND:at The use of specific COX-2 inhibitors in cancer prevention has been associated with higher risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)interaction and myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to investigate if the polymorphisms COX2 T8473C (rs5275), and COX2 A-1195G associated (rs689466), which modify the enzyme levels of COX-2, were associated with risk of ACS and if alcohol intake, smoking, and with use of NSAID would modify the associations. We also wanted to investigate associations with blood lipid levels. METHODS: A case-cohort COX2 study including 1031 ACS cases and a sub-cohort of 1703 persons was nested within the population-based prospective study Diet, Cancer risk and Health of 57,053 individuals aged 55-64 at recruitment 1993-1997. RESULTS: Male variant allele carriers of COX-2 T8473C were at (IRR= .75, lower risk of ACS (IRR= .75, CI= .61- .93, p= .008) than homozygous wildtype carriers. There were no statistically significant interactions between genotypes and to alcohol intake, smoking and NSAID use in relation to risk of ACS. Among males, there was interaction between COX-2 T8473C study and alcohol in relation to total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and LDL levels (p for interaction: .003, .007 and .01, respectively),are such that variant allele carriers with low alcohol intake had the lowest lipid levels. No statistically significant associations were observed No in females. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that genetically determined COX-2 levels are associated with risk of ACS and blood lipid .007 levels among males. No consistent associations were found for females.

Aims Cancer, Endothelial lipase (LIPG) is implicated in the metabolism of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Small studies in selected populations have reported .29. higher HDL-C levels among carriers of the common T111I variant in LIPG, but whether this variant is associated with plasma an lipids and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the general population is unclear. The objective of this study was associations to address the associations of the T111I variant with plasma lipids and risk of CHD in three independent prospective studies variant of generally healthy men and women. Methods and results The T111I variant was genotyped in case-control studies of CHD nested and within the Diet, Cancer, and Health study with 998 cases, Nurses' Health Study with 241 cases, and Health Professionals Follow-up with Study with 262 cases. The minor allele frequency in the combined pool of controls was .29. The T111I variant was of not associated with HDL-C or any other lipid and lipoprotein measures. Compared with wildtype homozygotes, the pooled estimate for risk among of CHD was .95 ( .85-1.06) per T111I allele. Conclusion Our analysis among healthy Caucasian men and women from three independent support studies does not support an association between the T111I variant and HDL-C, other plasma lipids, or risk of CHD.

BACKGROUND:of Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) has a prominent role in the metabolism of triglycerides (TGs) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and is the a potential interesting target for the development of antiatherogenic treatment. To provide deeper insight into the role of natural variation intervention, in this gene, we investigated the association between the LPL S447X variant with lipids and risk of coronary heart disease the (CHD) in 3 independent, prospective studies. METHODS: The S447X variant was genotyped in case-control studies of incident CHD nested within of the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), and the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health (DCH) study,CHD totaling 245, 258, and 962 cases, respectively. RESULTS: S447X carriers tended to have lower TG and higher HDL-C concentrations than the noncarriers. The S447X variant was associated with a lower risk of CHD in the NHS; the association was weaker in deeper the HPFS and not statistically significant in the DCH women and men. The pooled relative risk per minor allele was treatment. .74 ( .56-1.00). There was a suggestion that the associations of the S447X variant with plasma lipids and CHD risk were clinical more pronounced in obese individuals in the NHS study, but this finding was not consistent across the studies. CONCLUSIONS: The higher LPL S447X variant tended to be associated with lower TG and higher HDL-C levels, and lower risk of CHD in finding all 3 cohorts. Lipoprotein lipase is an attractive target for clinical intervention, but studies are needed to clarify whether greater CHD benefit from this variant may be conferred in some subgroups.

There ADP are no generally accepted definitions for low-response (frequently called resistance) to the platelet inhibitors, aspirin and clopidogrel. Low-response may increase of the risk of cardiovascular events in atherosclerotic patients. We aimed to define the normal drug responses in healthy men. Platelet ranges function was measured in 20 healthy men during 11 days of aspirin or clopidogrel intake, using light transmission aggregometry (LTA)LTA and the Platelet Function Analyzer 100 (PFA-100). The lower limits for LTA at baseline were 64% and 61%, using arachidonic normal acid and ADP as agonists, respectively. During aspirin intake the LTA results were stable from day to day, and an induced upper limit of 9% arachidonic acid stimulated aggregation was found. Clopidogrel intake was best shown by ADP induced aggregation. However,out two out of 20 individuals exhibited low-response to clopidogrel. In the remaining 18 volunteers an upper limit of 48% aggregation We was found. We found an upper limit for collagen-epinephrine stimulated PFA-100 results of 166 s at baseline. During aspirin intake,atherosclerotic these results varied considerably from day to day in nine out of 20 men, resulting in an overlap between the reference reference ranges at baseline and during therapy. In conclusion, platelet inhibition by aspirin and clopidogrel assessed by aggregometry was stable platelet during 11 days of treatment and reference ranges were established. The PFA-100 results varied greatly and low-response was not precisely of defined by this method.

BACKGROUND:were Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have an increased mortality, mainly due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). ESRD is accompanied by 3 several lipid abnormalities, which may be responsible for part of the increased risk of CVD in this population. n-3 polyunsaturated further fatty acids (PUFA) lower plasma triglycerides in patients with normal renal function. The aim of the present study was to design, examine the effect of n-3 PUFA on serum lipid and lipoproteins in patients treated with chronic haemodialysis (HD). METHODS: In polyunsaturated a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled design, patients with documented CVD, treated with HD for a minimum of 6 months, were randomized measured to treatment with n-3 PUFA or a control treatment (olive oil). A dietary intake of n-3 PUFA was assessed with after a dietary questionnaire. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins and the content of n-3 PUFA in serum phospholipids were measured at baseline of and after 3 months. RESULTS: Two hundred and six patients were included. Serum phospholipid levels of n-3 PUFA were significantly the higher in patients reporting a high fish intake compared to patients reporting a low fish intake. After 3 months, a months significant decrease was seen in serum triglycerides in the n-3 PUFA group compared to the control group (P = .01).In No significant effect was seen on total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, Lp(a) or apoB. CONCLUSION:No In patients treated with HD, consumption of fish increases levels of n-3 PUFA. Additional supplementation with n-3 PUFA for 3 in months further increases levels of n-3 PUFA and lowers serum triglycerides, but does not significantly affect other plasma lipids or increases lipoproteins.

BACKGROUND:identical Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). C-reactive protein (CRP), a granulocytes strong independent risk marker of CVD, is elevated in a large proportion of patients with CRF. The long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated in fatty acids (PUFA) have cardioprotective effects, which may be partly attributed to their anti-inflammatory properties. OBJECTIVE: The study objective was an to investigate the effect of n-3 PUFA on serum levels of CRP in patients with CRF. DESIGN: We performed a (PUFA) randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: The study took place at an outpatients clinic at the Department of Nephrology, Aalborg Hospital,capsules Denmark. PATIENTS: The study comprised 46 patients (30 men and 16 women; mean age 59 +/- 11 years) with a olive serum creatinine level in the range of 150 to 400 mumol/L. INTERVENTION: The patients were randomly assigned to daily supplementation The with 2.4 g n-3 PUFA or identical capsules containing 2.4 g of olive oil (control) for 8 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME patients MEASURE: CRP was measured with a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) assay and the content of n-3 PUFA in granulocyte membranes a before and after supplementation. RESULTS: The n-3 PUFA concentration increased in granulocytes after the n-3 PUFA supplements but was unaltered P by the control oil. A nonsignificant reduction in hs-CRP was observed in the n-3 PUFA group after supplementation (2.46 vs.group 1.47 mg/L; P =.06), and hs-CRP was unaltered by the control oil (3.27 vs. 3.14 mg/L; P =.12).unaltered There was no difference in median hs-CRP change in the two groups. CONCLUSION: A trend was seen toward a reduction hs-CRP in hs-CRP in the n-3 PUFA group, but there was no significant difference in hs-CRP levels when both groups were DESIGN: compared.

OBJECTIVE:24-hour The aim of the present study was to address the effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on heart rate in variability (HRV) in patients treated with chronic hemodialysis. DESIGN: We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled intervention trial. SETTING: The study took hemodialysis, place at two hospital-based dialysis centers. PATIENTS: Thirty patients with documented cardiovascular disease who were treated with hemodialysis for at who least 6 months were included. INTERVENTION: Treatment consisted of 1.7 g of n-3 PUFA or a control treatment (olive oil).with MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The outcome measure was 24-hour Holter recordings with time domain HRV measurements at baseline and after 3 Holter months of treatment. Blood samples were obtained to assess the content of n-3 PUFA in serum phospholipids before and after time treatment. RESULTS: n-3 PUFA did not significantly affect time domain parameters of HRV, compared with a control group. CONCLUSION: We (HRV) conclude that treatment with n-3 PUFA does not increase HRV in patients treated with chronic hemodialysis, a result that may rate have been compromised by a small sample size.

INTRODUCTION:the The main concern of patients with low back pain is the functional limitation which the symptoms cause. Therefore it is limits important to find a valid tool by means of which their functional level can be assessed. The aim of this internationally. study was to validate the first Danish translation of the Roland Morris Questionnaire (RMQ), which evaluates the functional level of (RS), activity of patients with low back pain and possible sciatica. The RMQ was compared with the functional scale of a validate Danish functional and pain level questionnaire, The Low Back Pain Rating Scale (RS), and the functional scale (PF) of the other SF-36. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Independently, three professionals made a retroversion of the RMQ. Then 135 patients with lumbar disc herniation RMQ-RS; completed the RMQ, RS and the SF-36. The patients comprised 47% women and 53% men with an average age of aim 43 years. RESULTS: A significant correlation between the RMQ and the other two questionnaires was found. RMQ-RS; r = .89,be p < or = .001, RMQ-PF (SF-36); r =- .88 p < or = .001. A Chronbach Alpha showed a used value of .94 (scale -1). Differences in scores between the three questionnaires were within the 95% limits of agreement. The herniation. average RMQ score was 10% higher than the score of RS and PF (SF-36). CONCLUSION: According to this study the RMQ RMQ can be used as a valid tool in the assessment of the functional level of patients with lumbar pain 10% and previous lumbar herniation. Due to the fact that the questionnaire is fast and easy to complete, it is valid,fast reliable and sensitive and widely used internationally. We recommend the questionnaire to be used as a supplement to the clinical of examination both in clinical practice and in research.

A and healthy diet and plant sterols (PS) are recommended for reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and, subsequently, the risk of premature (4.9%), cardiovascular disease. PS mediate a decrease in fat-soluble vitamin concentration, which can lead to a general impairment of antioxidative defenses cryptoxanthin, and an increase in oxidative stress. Thus, we evaluated the effects of a healthy diet, including PS-enriched low-fat milk, on consisting cardiovascular risk and oxidative stress parameters in hypercholesterolemic subjects. This was a randomized parallel trial employing 40 subjects and consisting of of two 3-month intervention phases. After 3 months on a standard healthy diet, subjects were divided into two intervention groups:4.7%, a diet group and a diet+PS group (2 g/day). Lipid profile, apolipoproteins, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and oxidative stress parameters were increase analyzed. Diet significantly reduced total and LDL cholesterol (4. % and 4.7%, respectively), produced an increase in the level of beta-carotene can (23%) and improved the antioxidant capacity of LDL cholesterol particles (4.6%). PS induced a significant decrease in total cholesterol (6.4%),concentration, LDL (9.9%) and the apolipoprotein B100/apolipoprotein A1 ratio (4.9%), but led to a decrease in cryptoxanthin level (29%) without any of change being observed in the antioxidant capacity of LDL cholesterol particles, total antioxidant status or lipid peroxidation. After 3 months,supplement we observed the positive effect of including a PS supplement in dietary measures, as the lipoprotein-mediated risk of cardiovascular disease particles, was reduced. Despite a decrease in the concentration of cryptoxanthin, no evidence of a global impairment of antioxidative defenses or cryptoxanthin an enhancement of oxidative stress parameters was found.

BACKGROUND (95% AND AIMS: Data comparing the impact of different sources of plant sterols on CVD risk factors and antioxidant levels is (P< .017). scarce. We evaluated the effects of plant sterols from rapeseed and tall oils on serum lipids, lipoproteins, fat-soluble vitamins and lipids plant sterol concentrations. METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a double-blinded, randomized, crossover trial in which 59 hypercholesterolemic subjects consumed 25g/day experimental of margarine for 4weeks separated by 1week washout periods. The two experimental margarines provided 2g/day of plant sterols from rapeseed on or tall oil. The control margarine had no added plant sterols. The control margarine reduced LDL cholesterol by 4.5%(95%CI CI 1.4, 7.6%). The tall and rapeseed sterol margarines additionally reduced LDL cholesterol by 9. %(95% CI 5.5, 12.4%) and and 8.2%(95% CI 5.2, 11.4%) and apolipoprotein B by 5.3%(95% CI 1. , 9.6%) and 6.9%(95% CI 3.6, 10.2%),from respectively. Lipid-adjusted beta-carotene concentrations were reduced by both sterol margarines (P< .017). alpha-Tocopherol concentrations were reduced by the tall sterol compared plant to the rapeseed sterol margarine (P= .001). Campesterol concentrations increased more markedly with the rapeseed sterol versus tall sterol margarine (P< .001).atherogenic The rapeseed sterol margarine increased while the tall sterol margarine decreased brassicasterol concentrations (P< .001). CONCLUSIONS: Plant sterols from tall and the rapeseed oils reduce atherogenic lipids and lipoproteins similarly. The rapeseed sterol margarine may have more favorable effects on serum alpha-tocopherol more concentrations.

We cardiovascular studied effect of antiatherogenic diet with inclusion of a sour milk product Danacor enriched with phytosterols on clinical and biochemical antiatherogenic parameters of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Results of the study showed that antiatherogenic diet with phytosterols facilitated improvement of clinical lipid status, anthropometric parameters, and lipid spectrum of blood.

Commercially min available phytosterol-enriched milk was subjected to usual and drastic heating conditions to evaluate the stability of the sterols at different under treatments. Products showed 422.2 mg of phytosterols/100 g of milk and 132 mug of sterol oxidation products (SOPs)/g of fat milk) (277 mug of SOPs/100 g of milk). Schaal oven conditions (24 h/65 degrees C, equivalent to 1 month of storage h/65 at room temperature) reduced the phytosterol content by only 4%. Drastic heating treatments (2 min of microwave heating at 900 mg W or 15 min of electrical heating at 90 degrees C) led to a 60% decrease of total phytosterol content,of with a significant increase of TBARs. The oxysterol amount under those conditions (which was higher in microwave-treated samples) was lower at than expected, probably because of the degradation of the oxidation products. Usual heating conditions (1.5 min of microwaves) maintained phytosterol treatments. content on physiologically active values (301 mg/100 g of milk) with oxidation percentages around .12- .40% for phytosterols and 1.13% for at cholesterol.

OBJECTIVE:cholesterol To study the effects of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan on the lipid profile of patients with nephrotic range = proteinuria. DESIGN: A single-blind, longitudinal study. Patients were followed during four periods each lasting 1 month, in which they received In in sequence once-daily placebo, 50 mg losartan, 100 mg losartan and placebo, respectively. Measurements were performed at the end of of each study period. PATIENTS: Eleven patients with biopsy-proven renal disease, diastolic blood pressure > or = 90 mmHg, creatinine clearance mg > or = 50 ml/min, stable proteinuria > or = 2.5 g/day, without familial hyperlipidemia or use of hypolipidemic agents.fell RESULTS: At the end of the 100 mg losartan period, median arterial blood pressure had fallen from 114.5 +/- 2.3 .46 mmHg at baseline to 96 +/- 2.8 mmHg (P < .001). Urinary protein excretion decreased from 6.2 +/- 1.3 g/day received to 4.2 +/- 1.3 g/day (P < .001), whereas serum albumin and total protein did not change. Total cholesterol fell in significantly from 6.67 +/- .46 mmol/l to 6.08 +/- .42 mmol/l (P = .04). This decrease in cholesterol was mainly CONCLUSIONS: due to a decrease in very-low-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, though high-density lipoprotein cholesterol also tended to fall. Apolipoprotein B lipoprotein(a) decreased by 13. +/- 3.6%(P = .05), whereas the apolipoprotein A1 concentration remained unchanged, thus resulting in a significant Lipoprotein(a) increase in the apolipoprotein A1/B ratio (12.5 +/- 3.5%, P = .05). Lipoprotein(a) concentration fell from 287 +/- 57 mg/l unchanged, to 218 +/- 35 mg/l (P = .07). Interestingly, those patients that had the highest baseline lipoprotein(a) values showed the levels most outspoken change in lipoprotein(a) levels during treatment. In the placebo recovery period all parameters returned towards baseline values. CONCLUSIONS:= In addition to lowering blood pressure and proteinuria, the angiotensin II antagonist losartan improves the lipoprotein profile in patients with losartan nephrotic range proteinuria.

Increased the serum total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Many clinical trials have proven that plant sterol from and stanol esters can effectively decrease high serum total and LDL cholesterol. They reduce the intestinal absorption of cholesterol by statin decreasing the incorporation of dietary and biliary cholesterol into micelles displacing cholesterol from these micelles. They also increase LDL receptor biliary activity on liver cells causing a higher uptake of LDL cholesterol and thus decreasing the serum LDL cholesterol concentration. Animal stanol studies have indicated that plant sterols and stanols may also lower atherosclerotic lesions development. However, the evidence from human studies serum to confirm this is still lacking. Anyhow, plant sterol and stanol esters can be considered as an effective and safe cholesterol cholesterol-lowering functional food ingredient. To achieve additional effects they can be combined with statin therapy, and this combination is also plant well tolerated and safe.

In in a placebo-controlled double-blind study, we examined the effects of dressing containing plant sterol (PS) on blood lipids and the safety at in Japanese borderline or mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects. Fifty-nine subjects [total cholesterol (TC) concentration >/= 200 mg/dL] were randomly divided into PS two groups and were given daily 15 g of dressing containing 800 mg of PS [PS(+)-group] or without PS [PS(-)-group]for for 12 weeks. Every 4 weeks, fasting blood was examined and subjective symptoms were analyzed. Serum TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol subjects (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) concentrations did not change in the PS(-)-group, while TC and ApoB significantly decreased in the the PS(+)-group at 8 and 12 weeks and LDL-C at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Moreover, serum TC, LDL-C and ApoB 8 concentrations were significantly lower than those of PS(-)-group at 8 and 12 weeks. Other laboratory tests were all in normal mildly ranges and no adverse events were observed. The results indicated that PS-containing dressing decreased serum TC, LDL-C and ApoB concentrations borderline in borderline or mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects. It is therefore proved that the dressing containing PS is helpful in maintaining blood PS cholesterol level normal and hence, the health of Japanese.

Background/Objectives:Plant 46.2+/-3.3 sterol (PS) consumption lowers serum cholesterol levels, while modestly increasing plasma PS concentrations. Plasma PS concentrations may reflect sterol absorption,(P< .0001) thus individuals with high plasma plant sterol (HPS) concentrations may show greater changes in circulating cholesterol and PS than individuals supplementation. with low plasma plant sterol (LPS) concentrations. The objective of this study was to examine whether HPS and LPS concentrations a are related to subsequent changes in plasma PS, serum lipid and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, following dietary PS intake in sterol otherwise healthy hypercholesterolemic men.Subjects/Methods:This single-blinded, randomized, diet-controlled study consisted of two 4-week phases, separated by a 4-week washout, where a l(-1) diet with a placebo or the 2. g per day PS-enriched spread was consumed during the phases.Results:At baseline, men with 20.8+/-1.2 HPS possessed higher (P< .01) mean serum cholesterol concentration, while those with LPS had higher (P< .05) body mass index. Following PS than intake, plasma sum of campesterol plus sitosterol concentrations were elevated from 34.6+/-4.2 to 46.2+/-3.3 mumol l(-1)(mean+/-SE) and 16.5+/- .9 to cholesterol 20.8+/-1.2 mumol l(-1) after PS intake in men with HPS and LPS, respectively. Changes in plasma PS concentrations, however, were following not different between individuals with either HPS or LPS baseline concentrations. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were decreased cholesterol (P< .0001) by 6.3 and 7.8%, respectively, with PS consumption for all individuals. Changes in lipid parameters were not different between concentrations. individuals with HPS or LPS baseline concentrations. No changes in CRP were apparent subsequent to PS intervention.Conclusions:Baseline plasma PS concentrations for are not associated or predictive of changes in serum cholesterol or plasma PS concentrations after PS intervention. Thus, individuals with individuals HPS show similar increases in PS concentrations as individuals with LPS following PS supplementation. Plasma PS remained in the range otherwise of previously reported concentrations.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 12 December 2007; doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602969.

BACKGROUND CI: & AIMS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-fat products enriched with plant sterols in B/apolipoprotein addition to a National Cholesterol Education Program step 1 diet on serum lipids and lipoproteins. METHODS: This study was a subjects, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over design with a run-in period and 2 intervention periods, each lasting 4 weeks. A total of 50.6+/-9.8) 46 mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects (age 50.6+/-9.8) completed the trial. The study products consisted of 20g low-fat margarine (35% fat) and on 250ml low-fat milk ( .7% fat), in total delivering 2.3g plant sterols/d. RESULTS: Serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly 2.5; reduced by 5.5%(p< .001, 95% CI: 2.5; 8.3) and 7.7%(p= .001, 95% CI: 3.4; 11.9), respectively, by plant sterol-enriched products (p= .001, compared to placebo. Serum apolipoprotein B was significantly reduced by 4.6%(p< .05, 95% CI: 1.7; 7.5), and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I Program by 3.4%(p< .05, 95% CI: .1; 6.6) after plant sterol intake compared to the placebo supplement. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of National low-fat margarine and milk enriched with plant sterols significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and the ratio of apolipoprotein hypercholesterolemic B to apolipoprotein A-I in mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects, but had no effect on C-reactive protein and lipoprotein (a) concentrations. SPONSORSHIP:lipoprotein Unilever Denmark A/S.

The oil) aim of the study was evaluated high-fat (20% w/w), hypercholesterolemic (3% w/w) diets differing in dietary fat type (butter, margarine rats. with stanols, margarine with rapeseed oil and sunflower oil) influence on plasma lipids profile in male Wistar rats. The results had show that cholesterol enriched diets, excluding diet containing margarine with stanols, had hypercholesterolemic effects on rats.