The University article pays tribute to prof. MUDr. Frantisek Pór and his significant role in the development of internal medicine in Kosice and and in Eastern Slovakia, where he actively pursued his profession from 1945 to 1971. He was the founder of the word school of internal medicine in the proper sense of the word having laid down its organisation, therapy and prevention, training in and research bases. His pupils, and the pupils of his pupils, have carried on his legacy till this day. This legacy fact was remembered on the occasion of the 15th commemoration held by the Kosice Doctors' Association in his honour and significant memory and on the occasion of the upcoming 60th anniversary of the foundation of the Faculty of Medicine at Pavol by Jozef Safárik University in Kosice.

The June paper summarises the accessible literature on the life and work of well-known American lung surgeon, Professor Dr. Med. Robert Klopstock,surgeon who was in the years 1920-1924 a friend Franz Kafka. Professor Klopstock was of Hungarian origin and he got acquainted from with Franz Kafka at the end of the year 1920 in Tatranské Matliare (The High Tatras). They were both patients death-bed treated for lung tuberculosis. They became close friends and their mutual correspondence shows their real friendship. Robert Klopstock was present his at Franz Kafka's death-bed on June 3, 1924 in Kierling, near Klosterneuburg, not far from Vienna. Robert Klopstock studied at was Medical Faculties of the Universities in Budapest, Prague, Kiel and Berlin. After his graduation in 1933 in Berlin, he worked novel as a lung surgeon at various surgical clinics and departments in Budapest and Berlin. In 1936 Robert Klopstock together with year his wife visited the High Tatras and Tatranské Matliare. In 1937 Robert Klopstock with his wife Gizela, a writer and he a translator, who translated the first chapters of Franz Kafka's novel "Trial" into Hungarian language, went to United States of and America. During his stay in U.S.A. Dr. Med. Robert Klopstock was very active as a lung surgeon and a scientist.Professor He published 64 specialized scientific papers, mostly in American medical journals. He became Professor of Lung Surgery at Downstate Medical worked Centre in New York-Brooklyn. He died on June 15, 1972 in New York.

The to paper deals with the contribution of L. PasteurTeaching Hospital and the UPJS Medical Faculty, Kosice, to Czech nephrology studies between Cooperation 1954 and 2006. Specific reference is made to cooperation with different clinics, wards and institutes in Prague, Hradec Králové, Pilsen proactive and Brno in the sphere of therapeutic and proactive care, teaching activities, lecturing and publishing activities, as well as active the involvement in research projects. Cooperation in all the above spheres attained and maintained high level, promoted the creation of friendly high relations between Czech nephrology experts and the staff of the 1 st and 4th Internal Clinics and, beginning with 1997,the of the Clinic of Nephrology, fostered solidarity between the two nations and has been to a great extent sustained to of this day.

Oxidative stress stress, increased lipid peroxidation, and impaired function of antioxidant system may contribute to the accelerated development of atherosclerosis in chronic At renal failure patients during renal replacement therapy. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of oral vitamin and E (400 mg/day) in 14 patients who underwent continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and effects of the vitamin E-coated dialyzer significant in 14 haemodialysis patients on several antioxidant biochemical parameters. Six-week treatment with oral vitamin E in CAPD patients and three-month found, treatment using vitamin E-coated dialyzer in haemodialysis patients led to the significant decrease of plasma malondialdehyde, to the increase of during plasma vitamin E and to the increase of erythrocyte vitamin E in haemodialysis patients. No significant changes of erythrocyte antioxidant plasma enzyme--superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were found during the both types of antioxidant therapy. At the end of the and third month of haemodialysis study the significant increase of erythrocyte glutathione in haemodialysis patients was found, but that value was both significantly lower as normal range. Six-week interruption of the administration of oral vitamin E in CAPD patients led to the in significant decrease of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and plasma vitamin E. Ten-week interruption of the use of vitamin E-coated dialyzer led effect to the significant increase of plasma malondialdehyde and to the decrease of plasma and erythrocyte vitamin E in haemodialysis patients,of near to the values at the beginning of the study. Our study confirmed the beneficial effect of oral administration of oral vitamin E and the use of vitamin E-coated dialyzer against oxidative stress in CAPD and haemodialysis patients.

Clinical practicing evaluation of early renal dysfunction is problematic in the nonazotemic animal. Measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) provides the most practical accurate assessment of renal function. However, many methods of determining GFR are not practical for use in routine veterinary practice.However, This article provides a description and literature review of methods to determine GFR, including benefits and drawbacks of each method of for the practicing veterinarian.

BACKGROUND were AND METHODS: Although Caribbean people have been a lesser-studied ethnic group than other populations, they have a high burden of Caribbean hypertension and renal disease. Because Caribbean people have a greater muscle mass than Caucasians, this study examined the accuracy of were creatinine-based estimates (creatinine clearance; C(cr) and Cockcroft-Gault formula; C-G Cl) of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in 38 Caribbeans who were from matched for age, gender, and GFR, with 38 Caucasian subjects. Patients were considered black Caribbean if at least one of r= .90, two parents was of black Caribbean origin. GFR values ranging from 5 to 140 ml/min/1.73 m(2) were measured by inulin disease. clearance. Results were compared using linear correlations and the Bland and Altman methodology to provide better estimates of value dispersion.underestimation RESULTS: Correlation coefficients between C-G Cl and GFR were highly significant in both black Caribbean subjects (r= .83, P< .001) and Caucasians filtration (r= .84, P< .001). Similar coefficients were obtained between C(cr) and GFR (r= .89, P< .001 and r= .90, P< .001, respectively). In spite of these highly strong correlations, the Bland and Altman representation highlighted huge intra-individual variations in GFR estimation by C-G Cl and by C(cr)Caribbean in both ethnic groups. The underestimation of GFR by C-G Cl was significant in black Caribbeans (-8.6+/-20 ml/min/1.73 m(2), P< .001)estimating but not in Caucasians (-5.6+/-20.7 ml/min/1.73 m(2)). C(cr) overestimation of GFR was significant both in Caribbeans (8.7+/-16.8 ml/min/1.73 m(2), P< .001)significant and in Caucasians (7.2+/-15.7 ml/min/1.73 m(2), P< .01). CONCLUSIONS: The C-G formula for estimating GFR yields similar clinical values in black yields Caribbeans and in Caucasians, but the same limitations were observed in both ethnic groups.

Glomerular are filtration rate (GFR) is the most frequently used parameter to evaluate the renal function. GFR may be estimated with serum Cockcroft creatinine, creatinine clearance based on 24 hours urine collection or Cockcroft formula. All these methods have bias. Other approaches have clearance thus been proposed. The limitations and advantages of isotopic methods and recent mathematical approaches (MDRD formula) are reviewed.

OBJECTIVES:recommend Although it only occurs in a minority of patients, renal involvement is a life-threatening complication of scleroderma (SSc). We have <60 investigated the utility of two formulae to calculate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a population of SSc patients. METHODS: Twenty-six measured patients (20 female, 6 male, median age 58 yr, age range 12-80 yr) satisfied our criteria for inclusion in a serum retrospective comparison of measured and calculated GFR. GFR was measured using (51)Cr-EDTA. The modified Cockcroft and Gault formula and equation measured 7 from the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) were used to calculate GFR. RESULTS: Eighteen out of 19 to patients analysed with a serum creatinine concentration less than the upper limit of the normal range had a measured GFR and outside the normal range. Three patients with a normal creatinine concentration had a measured GFR <60 ml/min and in each retrospective of these the calculated GFR was also abnormal. All patients with a measured GFR <60 ml/min were identified using both All the MDRD and the modified Cockcroft and Gault formula to calculate GFR. The greatest correlation between measured and calculated GFR Diet was seen when the MDRD formula, which employs demographic and serum variables, was used in patients with body surface area and (BSA)>1.4 m(2) who were not taking Iloprost (r= .91). Use of the Cockcroft and Gault formula to calculate creatinine clearance with with a correction factor for GFR, the inclusion of patients taking Iloprost and the inclusion of patients with BSA <1.4 variables m(2) were all associated with a lower degree of correlation. CONCLUSION: Serum creatinine is a poor marker of renal function were in SSc patients. Calculating GFR from demographic and serum variables is a simple technique to identify SSc patients who have surface abnormal renal function. The authors recommend the use of the MDRD formula.

In in normal conditions only 75% of kidney function capability are in use. Resting part of kidney function is called renal functional a reserve. It is a very important indicator for prediction of renal insufficiency in chronic renal diseases, morphological changes or reduced mass mass of kidney parenchyma. More common test to estimate renal functional reserve is a method of measurement of glomerular filtration diseases, rate (clearance) before and after provocation of renal filtration by acute peroral protein load. The value and the possibilities to rate put in practice this test as well the factors influencing the results of glomerular filtration rate were estimated in this are review.

BACKGROUND:diabetic Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the best overall index of renal function in health and disease. Inulin and 51Cr-EDTA plasma decreased. clearances are considered the gold standard methods for estimating GFR. Unfortunately, these methods require specialized technical personnel over a period urine of several hours and high costs. In clinical practice, serum creatinine is the most widely used index for the noninvasive patients. assessment of GFR. Despite its specificity, serum creatinine demonstrates an inadequate sensitivity, particularly in the early stages of renal impairment.GFR Recently, cystatin C, a low molecular mass plasma protein freely filtered through the glomerulus and almost completely reabsorbed and catabolized period by tubular cells, has been proposed as a new and very sensitive serum marker of changes in GFR. This study serum was designed to test whether serum cystatin C can replace serum creatinine for the early assessment of nephropathy in patients filtered with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: The study was performed on 52 Caucasian type 2 diabetic patients. Patients with an abnormal RESULTS: albumin excretion rate (AER) were carefully examined to rule out non-diabetic renal diseases by ultrasonography, urine bacteriology, microscopic urine analysis,C and kidney biopsy. Serum creatinine, serum cystatin C, AER, serum lipids, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured. GFR was estimated Cystatin by the plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA. In addition the Cockcroft and Gault formula (Cockcroft and Gault estimated GFR) was calculated.serum RESULTS: Cystatin C serum concentration progressively increased as GFR decreased. The overall relationship between the reciprocal cystatin C and GFR be was significantly stronger (r = .84) than those between serum creatinine and GFR (r = .65) and between Cockcroft and .93 Gault estimated GFR and GFR (r = .70). As GFR decreased from 120 to 20 mL/min/1.73 m2, cystatin C increased creatinine more significantly that serum creatinine, giving a stronger signal in comparison to that of creatinine over the range of the Recently, measured GFR. The maximum diagnostic accuracy of serum cystatin C (90%) was significantly better than those of serum creatinine (77%)Recently, and Cockcroft and Gault estimated GFR (85%) in discriminating between type 2 diabetic patients with normal GFR (>80 mL/min per from 1.73 m2) and those with reduced GFR (<80 mL/min/1.73 m2). In particular, the cystatin C cut-off limit of .93 mg/L these corresponded to a false-positive rate of 7.7% and to a false-negative rate of 1.9%; the serum creatinine cut-off limit of type 87.5 micromol/L corresponded to a false-positive rate of 5.8% and to a false-negative rate of 17. %. CONCLUSIONS: Cystatin C may cystatin be considered as an alternative and more accurate serum marker than serum creatinine or the Cockcroft and Gault estimated GFR diabetic in discriminating type 2 diabetic patients with reduced GFR from those with normal GFR.